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Piotr Chmielowski (9 February 1848 in Zawadyn'ci, Volhynia – 22 April 1904 in Lwów) was a Polish philosopher, literary historian and critic.〔"Chmielowski, Piotr," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'', vol. 1, p. 452.〕 ==Life== After studying at Warsaw's Main School in Russian Poland and at Leipzig University (to 1874), Chmielowski taught till 1898 in Warsaw private schools. From 1903 he was a professor at Lwów University in Austrian Poland.〔"Chmielowski, Piotr," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'', vol. 1, p. 452.〕 He wrote for many periodicals. In 1881–97 he edited the ''Ateneum''. From 1893 he was a member of the Kraków-based Academy of Learning.〔"Chmielowski, Piotr," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'', vol. 1, p. 452.〕 Chmielowski was the outstanding student and critic of literature during Poland's Positivist period. He advocated social utilitarianism in literature, and the realistic treatment of social reality. As a historian he was influenced by the philosophical and esthetic concepts of the French critic Hippolyte Taine, and studied the relations between writers' works and their social and cultural milieux, seeking the expressions of those relations chiefly in the works' ideological concerns.〔"Chmielowski, Piotr," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'', vol. 1, p. 452.〕 Chmielowski died on 22 April 1904 in Lwów and was interred at the Łyczakowski Cemetery. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Piotr Chmielowski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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